Niacin (B3)

Niacin (Vitamin B3) is a water-soluble B-vitamin available commercially as nicotinic acid or nicotinamide, produced through chemical synthesis or fermentation. It plays a central role in energy metabolism and cellular function across all species, and deficiency leads to characteristic conditions such as pellagra in humans and black tongue in dogs. It is a standard component of all vitamin premixes for livestock, poultry, aquaculture, and companion animals, as well as a regulated enrichment nutrient in human staple foods.